Numeric Types

Fixed-width aliases: as annotations and as literal suffixes.

// Feature: concrete numeric types and literal suffixes

// When to use: write APIs whose intent is clearer with explicit widths

//   (`u16` for a port number, `u8` for a byte) or whose values must

//   round-trip through FFI / GPU buffers (`f32`, `u32`).

//

// These are real, distinct concrete types. Suffixed literals are checked at

// build time, retain their width in every backend, and surface that exact type

// in editor hover/inlay hints. Short suffixes canonicalize semantically:

// `i` = i32, `u` = u32, and `f` = f32.

//

// See `specs/numeric-types.html`.


// 1. Type annotations: sub-64-bit aliases ----------------------------

let port: u16 = 8080
let pixel: u8 = 255
let coord: f32 = 1.5
let offset: i32 = -100
let big: u64 = 1_000_000_000

print("port={port}, pixel={pixel}, coord={coord}, offset={offset}, big={big}")

// 2. Literal suffixes -----------------------------------------------

let f32_val = 1.5f32       // explicit f32

let f_short = 1.5f         // short form (= f32)

let i32_val = 42i32        // explicit i32

let i_short = 42i          // short form (= i32)

let u_short = 42u          // short form (= u32)

let port_lit: u16 = 8080u16

print("f32={f32_val}, f={f_short}, i32={i32_val}, i={i_short}, u={u_short}, port={port_lit}")

// 3. Hex / binary / octal with suffixes -----------------------------

let mask: u32 = 0xFF_FF_00_00u32
let bits: u8 = 0b1010_0001u8
let perms: u16 = 0o644u16

print("mask={mask}, bits={bits}, perms={perms}")

// 4. Underscores for readability ------------------------------------

let count: u64 = 1_000_000_000_000u64
let chunked = 0xFF_FF_FF_FFu32

print("count={count}, chunked={chunked}")

// Current guarantees:

//   - `300u8` is rejected at build time because it does not fit.

//   - Distinct concrete types require an explicit conversion (`i32 as i64`).

//   - Unsuffixed literals remain ergonomic and adapt to their expected type,

//     as in `let pixel: u8 = 255` above.